Let’s explore what makes medium format cameras and 120 film special, and why they have remained relevant even in the digital age.
What is Medium Format?
Before diving into why Medium format is called 120, it’s important to understand what Medium format is. Medium format refers to a camera system that uses larger film or sensors than those found in 35mm cameras but smaller than large format cameras. The 120 film produces images that are known for their exceptional detail and dynamic range, making them a favorite among professional photographers.
History of 120 Film
The term “120” comes from the early days of film photography. Kodak introduced 120 film in 1901 for its Brownie No. 2 camera. The name “120” was simply a catalog number used by Kodak to distinguish this film type from others. Over the years, 120 film became the standard for medium format cameras.
Why is it Called 120?
The name “120” doesn’t have a technical meaning related to the film’s dimensions or properties. Instead, it was just a code used by Kodak. However, the name stuck and has been used ever since to refer to Medium-format film. The 120 film format became popular because it offered a larger negative size, which led to higher image quality compared to the smaller 35mm format.
How Does 120 Film Work?
120 film is a roll film that measures 60mm in width. Depending on the camera and the frame size, it can produce images in various aspect ratios, such as 6×4.5, 6×6, 6×7, or even 6×9. The larger film area means that more detail is captured, resulting in sharper and more vibrant images.
Why Choose Medium Format Over 35mm?
Many photographers prefer medium format cameras because of the image quality. The larger film size allows for greater detail, smoother tonal transitions, and a more three-dimensional look. While 35mm film is great for portability and speed, medium format is the go-to choice for studio work, landscapes, and portraits where detail is crucial.
The Role of Medium Format in Modern Photography
In today’s digital world, you might wonder why medium format film like 120 is still in use. The answer lies in the unique look and feel it provides. Digital cameras have come a long way, but many photographers still swear by the aesthetic qualities of medium format film. The texture, depth, and dynamic range are often unmatched, even by the best digital sensors.
Medium Format vs. Digital Medium Format
With the rise of digital medium format cameras, some photographers have moved away from 120 film. Digital medium format cameras use large sensors that mimic the size of 120 film, offering similar advantages in image quality. However, the cost of digital medium format cameras can be prohibitive, making traditional 120 film a more accessible option for many photographers.
What Are the Common Uses for 120 Film?
120 film is commonly used in fashion photography, portraiture, landscape photography, and fine art photography. The detail and resolution offered by medium format cameras make them ideal for large prints and exhibitions. Many famous photographers, like Ansel Adams and Richard Avedon, used medium format cameras to create their iconic images.
How to Start with Medium Format Photography
If you’re interested in trying medium format photography, starting with a 120 film camera is a great idea. You can find many vintage medium format cameras that are still in excellent working condition. Brands like Hasselblad, Mamiya, and Rolleiflex are renowned for their medium format systems.
Tips for Shooting with 120 Film
Shooting with 120 film can be a bit different from shooting with 35mm or digital cameras. Here are some tips to help you get started:
- Learn to load the film: Loading 120 film can be tricky at first, but practice makes perfect. Take your time to ensure the film is properly aligned.
- Meter your light carefully: Medium format cameras often require manual settings, so using a light meter can help you get the exposure right.
- Take your time: Medium format photography is often slower and more deliberate. Embrace the process and focus on composing your shots carefully.
- Experiment with different formats: Depending on your camera, you can experiment with different aspect ratios like 6×6 or 6×7 to see what works best for your style.
FAQ Section
What is the difference between 120 and 220 film?
- 120 film has a paper backing that protects it from light, while 220 film does not. This allows 220 film to have twice as many exposures as 120 film. However, not all medium format cameras can use 220 film.
Is 120 film still being produced?
- Yes, 120 film is still being produced by companies like Kodak, Fujifilm, and Ilford. It’s readily available for purchase online and in specialty camera stores.
Can I use 120 film in a 35mm camera?
- No, 120 film is wider than 35mm film and requires a medium format camera. However, some photographers use adapters or modify their cameras to use 120 film for creative effects.
Conclusion
Medium format is called 120 because of its historical roots with Kodak. Despite being over a century old, 120 film remains a favorite among photographers for its superior image quality and unique aesthetic. Whether you’re a seasoned photographer or just starting out, exploring medium format photography can be a rewarding experience.
